RAIL

Issuance & Redemption

Creating and destroying on-chain financial instruments — stablecoin minting, tokenized fund subscription, yield token issuance.

The origin point. No token moves on any other rail until something was first issued here. Compliance is front-loaded: Stages 2-4 carry the weight because the issuer must gate who can mint before any token exists. The six paths form a gradient from stablecoin to security.

9 PATHS

Compliance Gravity by Stage
1 Intent
2 Identity 5
3 Discovery 3
4 Negotiation 6
5 Transport
6 Authorization 6
7 Facilitation 1
8 Finality 1
15 Vendors

Circle · Circle Mint · Deloitte · Tether · BDO Italia · Ripple · BNY Mellon · NYDFS · BlackRock · Securitize · Ondo Finance · Hashnote · Arc · Franklin Templeton · Chainlink

Regime Crossings

None — single-regime rail

9 Paths

I1 Circle USDC Mint/Burn

Institutional USDC minting via Circle Mint — KYB gate, reserve-backed 1:1, SOC 1 Type 2 audited.

I2 Tether USDT Mint/Burn

Offshore stablecoin issuance — BVI-domiciled, BDO attestation (not audit), $174B+ supply, most scrutinized reserves in crypto.

I3 Ripple RLUSD Mint/Burn

Bank-grade stablecoin — NYDFS-regulated, OCC conditional charter, BNY Mellon custody, zero-idle-supply model.

I4 BlackRock BUIDL Subscription

Tokenized money market fund — 3(c)(7) qualified purchaser, $5M minimum, 9 chains, Securitize as transfer agent.

I5 Ondo USDY Treasury Note

Tokenized Treasury note — yield-bearing, general access, 40-50 day settlement window reveals securities nature.

I6 Securitize Tokenized Equity Issuance

On-chain stock issuance — Reg D 506(c), transfer agent + tokenization, 24/7 trading, perpetual compliance.

M1 Tokenized MMF Issuance (USYC on Arc)

Native tokenized MMF issuance on Arc — code-enforced NAV gate, whitelist at mint, no bridging. Circle/Hashnote USYC.

M2 Tokenized MMF Redemption (USYC → USDC)

Same-day atomic redemption of tokenized MMF shares back to USDC — the liquidity advantage that defines tokenized funds vs. traditional MMFs.

M3 Tokenized MMF Position Maintenance

The recurring daily lifecycle — NAV publication, yield accrual, holder re-screening, record update. The between-state where compliance fires every epoch.

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