Issuance & Redemption

Tokenized MMF Redemption (USYC → USDC)

Same-day atomic redemption of tokenized MMF shares back to USDC — the liquidity advantage that defines tokenized funds vs. traditional MMFs.

Vendors

Circle · Hashnote

Compliance center

Atomic NAV-to-USDC swap at Authorization — T+0 liquidity

issuanceredemptiontokenized-fundmoney-marketusycusdcatomic-settlementnav
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M2 · ISSUANCEMMF redemption (USYC → USDC)·4 stations(1 compliance, 3 infra)·circle
S1INTENTS2S3DISCOVERYS4S5TRANSPORTS6S7S8FINALITY01Subscription02NAV Check03Burn04Custody
3+5 shape system
GatePre-condition — blocks if it failsMonitorConcurrent — observes without haltingObligationPost-settlement — reports after the factsolid = codedashed = policy
How to read this diagram
Each station on the rail represents a compliance or infrastructure event in the MMF redemption (USYC → USDC) path. Hover any station to inspect it. The shape tells you what kind of event it is. The ring tells you how it's enforced.
Gate Monitor Obligation| Ingress Crossing Transform Settlement Venue
This path at a glance
4 stations across 4 of 8 segments. 1 are compliance checkpoints, 3 are infrastructure.
1 code-enforced3 policy-enforced
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKARC
L5 APPLICATIONCUSTODIAN
L4 ACCOUNTCUSTODIAN

Step 1 · Redemption RequestPolicy-Enforced

"The investor's redemption instruction — requesting conversion of USYC shares back to USDC."

Investor initiates redemption via Circle portal. L5 Application (Circle UI) and L4 Account (Circle compliance engine) are lit. Identity re-verification (D1) fires. Licensing (D8) checked. Redemption request enters Circle's settlement queue.

Counterparty
Circle (fund administrator)
Latency
Minutes · request validation
Finality
Redemption request accepted
Vendors
Circle Smart Wallet · Circle Mint (issuer-facing surface · institutional onboarding) · Arc Smart Account (ERC-4337 account-abstraction · USDC-paid gas semantics) · Circle Mint custody (institutional · custody of USDC reserve issuance pipeline) · third-party institutional custodians (Anchorage · BitGo · Coinbase Custody) · Circle Payments Network (CPN — institutional-payment orchestration over Arc and other Circle-supported chains) · Circle Compliance Engine (sanctions · BSA/AML · OFAC SDN integration)
Chain
Arc (Circle Internet Financial (sole Sequencer operator at launch; decentralization on roadmap))
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKARC
L4 ACCOUNTNAV + liquidity verification
L3 EXECUTIONNAV + liquidity verification

Step 2 · NAV & Liquidity GatePolicy-EnforcedINGESTDETECTALERT

"The redemption gate — NAV confirmed and liquidity verified before burn."

Circle verifies current NAV and fund liquidity. This is the redemption gate: during business hours, settlement is instant (Circle commitment); otherwise next-business-day. The gate is policy-enforced at L5 — fund administrator discretion, not compiled into the contract. D9 (prudential) is the active domain. If liquidity is insufficient, Circle can suspend redemptions.

Counterparty
Circle settlement engine + Hashnote NAV
Latency
Instant (business hours) / T+1 (off-hours)
Finality
NAV confirmed — burn authorized
Vendors
Arc DEX (native AMM primitive) · Chainalysis OFAC Oracle (on-chain SDN-list enforcement primitive · code-enforced at the contract layer) · Circle CCTP v2 (canonical USDC cross-chain bridge — burn-and-mint model · regime-crossing primitive for USDC issuance across Arc, Ethereum, Base, Solana, and other CCTP-supported chains) · Arc Confidential Transfers (opt-in transactional privacy — Circle has stated opt-in privacy but not publicly committed to a specific construction) · Arc Smart Account (ERC-4337 account-abstraction · USDC-paid gas semantics) · Circle Mint custody (institutional · custody of USDC reserve issuance pipeline) · third-party institutional custodians (Anchorage · BitGo · Coinbase Custody)
Chain
Arc (Circle Internet Financial (sole Sequencer operator at launch; decentralization on roadmap))
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKARC
L3 EXECUTIONBURN
L2 CONSENSUSBURN
◆ Enforcement Line — code-enforced at this layer

Step 3 · USYC Burn + USDC SettlementCode-Enforced

"The atomic settlement — USYC burned and USDC transferred in a single transaction."

USYC shares burned on Arc at L3; USDC transferred to investor wallet in the same transaction. L3 Execution (burn contract) and L2 Consensus (Malachite BFT) are lit. Recordkeeping (D11), tax reporting (D12), and programmable compliance (D16) fire. The burn is code-enforced — irreversible once confirmed.

Counterparty
Circle USYC burn contract + USDC transfer (Arc)
Latency
~2s · Arc block time
Finality
Final on Arc block confirmation
Vendors
Circle Sequencer (Circle-operated at launch · decentralization on roadmap · OP Stack-derived sequencing semantics) · Arc DEX (native AMM primitive) · Chainalysis OFAC Oracle (on-chain SDN-list enforcement primitive · code-enforced at the contract layer) · Circle CCTP v2 (canonical USDC cross-chain bridge — burn-and-mint model · regime-crossing primitive for USDC issuance across Arc, Ethereum, Base, Solana, and other CCTP-supported chains) · Arc Confidential Transfers (opt-in transactional privacy — Circle has stated opt-in privacy but not publicly committed to a specific construction)
Chain
Arc (Circle Internet Financial (sole Sequencer operator at launch; decentralization on roadmap))
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKARC
L5 APPLICATIONWALLET
L4 ACCOUNTWALLET

Step 4 · Investor USDC WalletPolicy-Enforced

"The investor's updated balance — USDC received, USYC shares extinguished."

USDC arrives in the investor's wallet on Arc. L4 Account and L5 Application lit. Recordkeeping (D11) obligation fires — the redemption event is the taxable event. Investor's USYC balance is zero; USDC balance reflects the redemption at NAV.

Counterparty
Investor's verified wallet on Arc
Latency
Instant on burn confirmation
Finality
Final · USDC available for transfer or further investment
Vendors
Circle Smart Wallet · Circle Mint (issuer-facing surface · institutional onboarding) · Arc Smart Account (ERC-4337 account-abstraction · USDC-paid gas semantics) · Circle Mint custody (institutional · custody of USDC reserve issuance pipeline) · third-party institutional custodians (Anchorage · BitGo · Coinbase Custody) · Circle Payments Network (CPN — institutional-payment orchestration over Arc and other Circle-supported chains) · Circle Compliance Engine (sanctions · BSA/AML · OFAC SDN integration)
Chain
Arc (Circle Internet Financial (sole Sequencer operator at launch; decentralization on roadmap))

Resolved 4 steps across 1 chain(s). 0 threshold(s) triggered. Frameworks: Common Reporting Standard / FATCA.

Coverage notes: 5 disclosed gap(s).

Other Issuance & Redemption Paths

SETTLEMENT CHAINS
Arc