Retail Payments

Cross-Border Remittance

Stablecoin-settled remittance corridor — fiat on-ramp in origin country, stablecoin transport, fiat off-ramp in destination.

Vendors

Stellar · MoneyGram · Circle

Compliance Center

Dual-jurisdiction KYC at Identity + Authorization

R5 — Cross-border remittance corridor · Rails: retail · Protocols: Stellar, USDC, MoneyGram Access · Origin: United States — Federal
CTR (USD 10,000+)TRAVEL-RULE (USD 3,000+)ENHANCED-DUE-DILIGENCE (USD 50,000+)
R5 — CROSS-BORDER REMITTANCE CORRIDORYOU ARE HERE● Sender KYCPOLICY▲ Fiat-to-USDC On…CODE≡ Stablecoin Tran…CODE⬣ AML ScreeningCODE▲ USDC-to-Fiat Of…POLICY● Recipient Recei…POLICYIntentIdentityDiscoveryNegotiationTransportAuthorizationFacilitationFinalitySTEP 1STEP 2STEP 3STEP 4STEP 5STEP 6Visual system: StablecoinAtlas.com · Steps mapped to 8 STP Stages
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L5 APPLICATIONWallet UX, consent, policy engineBank customer channel / issuer app
L4 ACCOUNTBalances, addresses, signing keysCore banking ledger / DDA

Step 1 · Sender KYC (Origin Country)Policy-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

Walking into a MoneyGram counter with ID — the sender provides government-issued identification and the remittance agent verifies it.

Sender completes KYC at the origin-country on-ramp — MoneyGram agent, mobile app, or partner fintech. Government ID verified, source of funds declared, purpose of remittance recorded. L4+L5 lit: identity and authorization are policy-enforced. This is the first of two KYC gates — the compliance center of gravity is split across both ends of the corridor.

Active Compliance Checkpoints
C2 OFAC SDN/SSI list screening — OFAC 50 USC § 1702 (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §6
⚠ ENHANCED-DUE-DILIGENCE triggered at USD 50,000 — 31 CFR § 1010.312 — Enhanced Due Diligence (United States — Federal)
Counterparty
MoneyGram agent / on-ramp partner
Latency
1-5 min (in-person) / instant (digital)
Finality
N/A — onboarding only
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L4 ACCOUNTBalances, addresses, signing keysCore banking ledger / DDA
L3 EXECUTIONSmart contracts, swap / bridge logicClearing & matching engine
◆ Enforcement Line — code-enforced below, policy-enforced above

Step 2 · Fiat-to-USDC On-RampCode-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

The teller converting cash to a wire instruction — fiat enters the digital payment system.

Sender's fiat is converted to USDC on Stellar. Sanctions screening fires at the conversion point — this is a regulated money transmission event. AML monitoring checks transaction patterns. L3+L4 lit: the on-ramp straddles the enforcement line. The on-ramp provider (MoneyGram, partner bank) bears the compliance obligation.

Active Compliance Checkpoints
C2 OFAC SDN/SSI list screening — OFAC 50 USC § 1702 (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §6
Counterparty
On-ramp provider (MoneyGram / Circle)
Latency
~10s · Stellar ledger close
Finality
USDC minted on Stellar
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L3 EXECUTIONSmart contracts, swap / bridge logicClearing & matching engine
L2 CONSENSUSValidator ordering, block productionRTGS settlement engine
L1 NETWORKP2P, finality, data availabilityMessaging rail (SWIFT / Fedwire)
◆ Enforcement Line — code-enforced below, policy-enforced above

Step 3 · Stablecoin Transport (Stellar)Code-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

The SWIFT message traveling between correspondent banks — value is in transit, neither origin nor destination controls it.

USDC moves on Stellar from the on-ramp anchor to the off-ramp anchor. L1+L2+L3 lit — transport executes entirely below the enforcement line. Stellar's 5-second ledger close means the cross-border leg completes in seconds, not days. This is where remittance cost compression happens — no nostro/vostro accounts, no correspondent bank chain, no multi-day float.

Counterparty
Stellar network (USDC anchor-to-anchor)
Latency
~5s · single Stellar ledger close
Finality
Final on Stellar consensus
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L3 EXECUTIONSmart contracts, swap / bridge logicClearing & matching engine
◆ Enforcement Line — code-enforced below, policy-enforced above

Step 4 · AML Screening (Destination Country)Code-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

The compliance desk at the receiving correspondent bank — the payment is screened again under the destination country's AML regime before release.

Second compliance gate. The off-ramp provider screens the inbound USDC under the destination country's AML/CFT framework. Different jurisdiction, different thresholds, potentially different sanctions lists. L3 Execution lit — this is code-enforced screening. Dual-jurisdiction compliance is the structural challenge of cross-border remittance.

Active Compliance Checkpoints
C2 OFAC SDN/SSI list screening — OFAC 50 USC § 1702 (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §6
C7 Notabene IVMS101 or Chainalysis Connect — FATF Rec. 16; 31 CFR 1010.410(f) (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §7, §8
⚠ TRAVEL-RULE triggered at USD 3,000 — 31 CFR § 1010.410(f) — Funds Transfer Recordkeeping (United States — Federal)
Counterparty
Off-ramp compliance engine
Latency
<1s · real-time screening
Finality
Pre-condition gate — blocks off-ramp if screening fails
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L4 ACCOUNTBalances, addresses, signing keysCore banking ledger / DDA
L3 EXECUTIONSmart contracts, swap / bridge logicClearing & matching engine
◆ Enforcement Line — code-enforced below, policy-enforced above

Step 5 · USDC-to-Fiat Off-RampPolicy-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

The teller at the destination MoneyGram counter handing over local currency — the digital payment converts back to cash.

USDC is converted to local fiat at the destination off-ramp. The off-ramp provider (MoneyGram agent, mobile money operator, partner bank) bears consumer protection and licensing obligations under local law. L3+L4 lit: the off-ramp mirrors the on-ramp's enforcement profile.

Active Compliance Checkpoints
C2 OFAC SDN/SSI list screening — OFAC 50 USC § 1702 (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §6
C7 Notabene IVMS101 or Chainalysis Connect — FATF Rec. 16; 31 CFR 1010.410(f) (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §7, §8
⚠ CTR triggered at USD 10,000 — 31 CFR § 1010.311 — Currency Transaction Report (United States — Federal)
Counterparty
Off-ramp provider (MoneyGram / local partner)
Latency
~10s (digital) / same-day (cash pickup)
Finality
Fiat conversion confirmed
L5 APPLICATIONL4 ACCOUNTL3 EXECUTIONL2 CONSENSUSL1 NETWORKSTELLAR
L5 APPLICATIONWallet UX, consent, policy engineBank customer channel / issuer app

Step 6 · Recipient ReceiptPolicy-EnforcedBlockchain-Native

The recipient picks up cash or sees the mobile money balance update — the remittance is complete.

Recipient receives local currency — cash at a MoneyGram counter, mobile money credit, or bank deposit. L5 Application lit only: finality is in the policy layer. Total corridor time: minutes instead of days. Total cost: <1% instead of 6-8%. Recordkeeping obligations attach at both ends of the corridor.

Active Compliance Checkpoints
C11 SAR/CTR filing via BSA E-Filing — 31 CFR § 1010.320 (United States — Federal) · GENIUS §9
Counterparty
Recipient (verified at off-ramp KYC)
Latency
Instant on off-ramp conversion
Finality
Final · recipient has local currency

Resolved 6 steps across 0 chain(s). 3 threshold(s) triggered. Frameworks: Bank Secrecy Act, GENIUS Act, OFAC Sanctions Program, FATF Recommendation 16 (Travel Rule), Common Reporting Standard / FATCA.

TOOL 01 · 14-JURISDICTION RISK ASSESSMENT

Offshore VASP Screener

Activity-based offshore VASP risk assessment across 14 jurisdictions producing 0–100 risk scores.

oVASP Entity
Pre-loaded Scenarios
Risk Assessment
Click "Screen oVASP" to generate assessment.