StablecoinAtlas.com

CURATED · USDC × Compliance

Every Circle product, mapped.

8 named paths across the USDC lifecycle. Reserves to redemption, cross-chain to agent-to-agent — with the regulations that govern each leg cited in primary source.

This is a curated entry view into the Atlas: the same registry, the same checkpoints, the same enforcement-type markers — organized as a coherent reading for the people building or auditing USDC routes. The Builder column reads SDKs and contracts; the Compliance officer column reads citations and obligations. Same map.

Lifecycle phases

5 — Issue · Transport · Settle · Wrap · Operate

Named vendors at every checkpoint

Circle · Hashnote · Coinbase · Arc · Base · CCTP · CPN · USYC

Regulatory regimes mapped

GENIUS Act · MiCA · MAS SCS · NYDFS Part 200

01 · Issue

Bring USDC into existence. Reserve-backed mint, KYB-gated, attested.

I1 Circle USDC Mint/Burn

Institutional USDC minting via Circle Mint — KYB gate, reserve-backed 1:1, SOC 1 Type 2 audited.

Circle · Circle Mint · Deloitte Stages 2, 6

Institutional KYB at Identity + reserve attestation at Authorization

02 · Transport

Move USDC across chains and currencies without breaking 1:1.

R2 Cross-Chain CCTP Transfer

USDC transfer across chains via Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol — burn on source, mint on destination.

Circle · CCTP Stage 5

Burn-mint bridge compliance at Transport
W2 Circle FX Corridor (USDC→EURC)

Cross-border FX settlement via USDC→EURC swap on Arc, bridged to Ethereum via CCTP.

Circle · CCTP · Arc DEX Stage 5

Bridge compliance + FX execution at Transport

03 · Settle

Pre-negotiated, multi-party institutional settlement.

W3 Circle Payments Network (CPN)

Circle's institutional payment network — pre-negotiated terms, multi-currency, bank-grade compliance.

Circle · CPN Partner Banks Stage 4

Pre-negotiated institutional terms at Negotiation

04 · Wrap

USDC into yield-bearing tokenized money market shares, atomic in and out.

M1 Tokenized MMF Issuance (USYC on Arc)

Native tokenized MMF issuance on Arc — code-enforced NAV gate, whitelist at mint, no bridging. Circle/Hashnote USYC.

Circle · Hashnote · Arc Stages 3, 4, 6

Code-enforced NAV at Discovery + whitelist-gated mint at Authorization
M2 Tokenized MMF Redemption (USYC → USDC)

Same-day atomic redemption of tokenized MMF shares back to USDC — the liquidity advantage that defines tokenized funds vs. traditional MMFs.

Circle · Hashnote Stages 4, 6

Atomic NAV-to-USDC swap at Authorization — T+0 liquidity

05 · Operate (agent)

Software agents transacting USDC autonomously, inside compliance envelopes.

A3 AP2 Agent-to-Agent

Multi-agent payment protocol from Circle. Agents negotiate terms, discover counterparties, and settle autonomously.

Circle · AP2 Spec Stage 4

Multi-agent consensus on terms at Negotiation
A7 Circle Agentic Payment Channels

Circle's payment channel architecture for high-frequency agent settlements on USDC rails.

Circle · USDC Stage 5

Payment channel state management at Transport

Regulatory fitness — USDC by regime

How USDC stands under the four regimes most working-tier readers will be asked about. Citations are primary source. Where a regime is still in implementing rulemaking, we say so.

US-FED GENIUS Act

Permitted issuer pathway

Federal payment stablecoin framework. Reserve-backed, redeemable at par, issuer subject to federal/state oversight. Implementing regulations due July 18, 2026.

Pub. L. 119-XX (2025) §4–§6

EU MiCA

EMT — issued via Circle Internet Financial Europe SAS

E-Money Token. Circle is MiCA-licensed in France since July 2024. Subject to reserve, redemption, and disclosure rules; passportable across EU/EEA.

Reg. (EU) 2023/1114 Title III

SG MAS — SCS

Single-Currency Stablecoin framework, MAS-recognized

USDC issued via Circle Singapore meets MAS Single-Currency Stablecoin standard: 100% reserves in cash and short-dated treasuries, monthly attestations, redemption within five business days.

MAS Notice PSN02 / SCS Framework (Aug 2023)

US-NY NYDFS Part 200

Approved virtual currency — Circle limited-purpose trust company

Circle Internet Financial NY LLC is supervised under NY Banking Law Article 13-B. Reserve composition, custody, and reporting standards apply at the state level.

23 NYCRR Part 200

How to read these paths

Every path on this view answers three questions for one USDC route: where value moves, where it's controlled, and what enforces the control. Two readers, one map.

Compliance officer reads ↓

  • Regulatory citations at every checkpoint — GENIUS §, MiCA Title III, NYDFS Part 200, MAS Notice PSN02, FATF R.15.
  • Enforcement type — solid line for code-enforced, dashed for policy-enforced. The audit trail lives where the line is solid.
  • Honesty markers — where coverage is thin, where US persons are restricted, where a checkpoint is policy-only and depends on the issuer's program.

Builder reads ↓

  • SDK and API surface — circle-sdk, cctp, Circle Mint API, Programmable Wallets, USYC mint contract.
  • Named contracts and addresses — the on-chain artifacts the path actually touches, by chain.
  • Integration gotchas — whitelist mechanics, blacklist functions, attestation cadence, redemption windows, gas economics.

Try it — compliance pipeline runner

Pick a path. Hit Run pipeline. Watch every checkpoint fire, with the registry's modeled enforcement type and regulatory domains visible at each step. Toggle the reader bar between Compliance officer (citations forward) and Builder (vendors and chain detail). Stress mode forces the first gate to fail so you can see how the audit trail handles a rejection.

USDC × Compliance

Compliance Pipeline — USYC issuance on Arc

4 steps · partners: circle · chains: arc

·1
Investor SubscriptionINFRApolicy-enforcedS1–S2

Investor subscribes via Circle portal. L5 Application (Circle UI) and L4 Account (Circle compliance engine) are lit. KYC (D1) and accredited investor verification fire at L4. Licensing (D8) checked at account opening. This is the investor eligibility gate — accredited status required per Reg D or 1940 Act.

DomainsC1 · Identity & Due Diligence / C8 · Licensing
CounterpartyCircle (issuer, acquired from Hashnote)
NoteInvestor subscribes via Circle portal with KYC and accredited investor verification.
⬢2
NAV VerificationGATEcode-enforcedS3

NAV from Hashnote's calculation agent is published on-chain at L3. This is the only tokenized MMF where NAV enforcement is code-enforced: the mint contract reads the on-chain NAV and gates issuance accordingly. D9 (prudential) and D16 (programmable compliance) are the active domains.

DomainsC9 · Prudential / C16 · Programmable Compliance
CounterpartyHashnote calculation agent / S&P Dow Jones Indices
NoteOn-chain NAV oracle gates mint — code-enforced, mint contract reads NAV directly.
·3
USYC Mint on ArcINFRAcode-enforcedS4–S6

USYC minted natively on Arc (not bridged). L3 Execution (mint contract with whitelist gate) and L2 Consensus (Malachite BFT, permissioned validators) are lit. The whitelist is code-enforced at L3 — only verified addresses can receive shares. This is native issuance, not a wrapped representation.

DomainsC8 · Licensing / C16 · Programmable Compliance
CounterpartyCircle USYC mint contract (Arc)
NoteUSYC shares minted natively on Arc with whitelist-gated contract.
·4
Investor USYC WalletINFRApolicy-enforcedS7–S8

Newly minted USYC arrives in the investor's wallet on Arc. L4 Account and L5 Application lit. Recordkeeping (D11) and tax reporting (D12) obligations fire. USYC is value-accruing: balance stays fixed, price increases with NAV. Can be used as collateral on Arc for DvP and margin.

DomainsC11 · Recordkeeping / C12 · Tax
CounterpartyInvestor's verified wallet on Arc
NoteUSYC in investor wallet on Arc — available for transfer and collateral use.

Honesty marker. This widget visualizes what the Atlas registry models for the selected path. It is not a live compliance oracle. For binding decisions, consult primary sources and the resolver at /v1/.

What's still coming. The MCP endpoint at mcp.stablecoinatlas.com/usdc — agents and IDEs querying USDC route fitness directly — is scoped, not yet shipped. Listed here for accountability.

Other curated views

The Atlas registry holds 57 paths across eight rails. This view is one of many.

CCTP

The cross-chain story in detail

Coming soon

BUIDL

BlackRock's tokenized fund pattern

Coming soon

AgentKit

Coinbase's agentic developer surface

Coming soon

Kinexys

JPMorgan's permissioned wholesale rail

Coming soon

Securitize

Tokenized securities transfer agent

Coming soon

ACK

Catena Labs Know Your Agent stack

Coming soon

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